In Magento, there is no setting to change Magento’s backend logo.

For that, first, you need to create a custom admin theme and then change the logo.

Steps are listed below:

app/code/[VendorName]/[ModuleName]/registration.php
\Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::register( \Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::MODULE, '[VendorName]_[ModuleName]', __DIR__ );
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\Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::register(
    \Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::MODULE,
    '[VendorName]_[ModuleName]',
    __DIR__
);

app/code/[VendorName]/[ModuleName]/etc/module.xml

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd">
    <module name="[VendorName]_[ModuleName]" setup_version="1.0.0">
        <sequence>
            <module name="Magento_Theme"/>
        </sequence>
    </module>
</config>

</sequence>

</module>

</config>

app/code/[VendorName]/[ModuleName]/etc/di.xml

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">
    <type name="Magento\Theme\Model\View\Design">
        <arguments>
            <argument name="themes" xsi:type="array">
                <item name="adminhtml" xsi:type="string">[VendorName]/[themename]</item>
            </argument>
        </arguments>
    </type>
</config>

<item name="adminhtml" xsi:type="string">[VendorName]/[themename]</item>

</argument>

</arguments>

</type>

</config>

app/design/adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]/registration.php
\Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::register( \Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::THEME, 'adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]', __DIR__ );
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\Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::register(
    \Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::THEME,
    'adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]',
    __DIR__
);

app/design/adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]/theme.xml

<theme xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Config/etc/theme.xsd">
    <title>Theme Title</title>
    <parent>Magento/backend</parent>
</theme>

<title>Theme Title</title>

<parent>Magento/backend</parent>

</theme>

app/design/adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]/Magento_Backend/layout/admin_login.xml

<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="admin-login" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
    <update handle="styles" />
    <body>
        <referenceBlock name="logo">
            <arguments>
                <argument name="logo_image_src" xsi:type="string">images/login-logo.svg</argument>
            </arguments>
        </referenceBlock>
    </body>
</page>

<body>

<argument name="logo_image_src" xsi:type="string">images/login-logo.svg</argument>

</arguments>

</referenceBlock>

</body>

</page>

Upload app/design/adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]/web/images/login-logo.svg

app/design/adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]/Magento_Backend/layout/default.xml

<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
    <body>
        <referenceContainer name="header">
            <referenceBlock name="logo">
                <arguments>
                    <argument name="logo_img_width" xsi:type="number">300</argument> 
                    <argument name="logo_img_height" xsi:type="number">300</argument>
                    <argument name="show_part" xsi:type="string">logo</argument>
                    <argument name="edition" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Community Edition</argument>
                    <argument name="logo_image_src" xsi:type="string">images/menu-logo.svg</argument>
                </arguments>
            </referenceBlock>
        </referenceContainer>
    </body>
</page>

<body>

<argument name="edition" translate="true" xsi:type="string">Community Edition</argument>

<argument name="logo_image_src" xsi:type="string">images/menu-logo.svg</argument>

</arguments>

</referenceBlock>

</referenceContainer>

</body>

</page>

Upload app/design/adminhtml/[VendorName]/[themename]/web/images/menu-logo.svg
Magento CLI
php bin/magento setup:upgrade php bin/magento setup:di:compile
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php bin/magento setup:upgrade
php bin/magento setup:di:compile

Note: You can change the names of logo files in the configuration file if you want to use PNG files instead of SVG for the logo.